中英对照《菩提道次第科颂》之一

                                 中英对照《菩提道次第科颂》

宗喀巴大师
显密修行次第科颂
比丘能海集
上海　倪维全　老居士英译

　

归敬颂　诸佛正法贤圣僧
　　　　　直至菩提永皈依
　　　　　我以所修诸善根
　　　　　为利有情愿成佛

修行次第(分五大科)
　　(初)三士前导
　　(二)下士修法
　　(三)中士修法
　　(四)上士修法
　　(五）密乘修法

(—)

(初)三士前导(分二)
　　　　(初)有暇资圆之信乐
　　　　(二)入道方便
(甲初)有暇资圆之信乐(分二)
　(乙一)得八有暇(分八)
　　(丙一)非三恶道
　　(丙二)非盲聋喑痖
　　(丙三)非世智邪辩
　　(丙四)非正法灭尽时
　　(丙五)非北洲
　　(丙六)非无想天等
　　　　　(初开为三即成八)

颂  地狱鬼畜生
　　盲聋喑哑等
　　世智邪辩才
　　正法灭尽时
　　北洲无想天
　　是名为八难
　　难闻佛法故
　　无此称有暇

　(乙二)得十圆满(分二)
　　(丙一)依内五种(分五)
　　　(丁一)众同分圆满生在人中，得丈夫身等。
　　　(丁二)处所圆满生在人中，得四众处等。
　　　(丁三)依正圆满生处中国，不缺根支，性不顽嚣，解善恶语，堪能受法。
　　　(丁四)无业障圆满于现生中，不自教他，曾作五无间罪。
　　　(丁五)无信解障圆满于现生中，必不成就五无间罪，不于恶处而作信解。

颂  众同处所依正圆
现生不作五无间
无诸邪见信业果
如是五种内圆满

　　(丙二)依外五种(分五)
　　　(丁一)大师圆满遇大师出世。
　　　(丁二)世俗正法施设圆满值大师教法。
　　　(丁三)胜义正法流转圆满值大师弟子等，依法证得诸果向等增上功德。
　　　(丁四)正行不灭圆满世俗正法犹在未灭，胜义正法未隐未断。
　　　(丁五)随顺资缘圆满即衣食、卧具、汤药等缘。

颂  大师世俗胜义法
　　教犹住世证未隐
　　四种资缘悉具足
　　如是名为外圆满

(甲二)入道方便(分四)
　(乙一)亲近善士(分三·)
　　(丙一)亲近之功德胜利(分三)
　　　(丁一)得法流甘露滋养慧身。
　　　(丁二)得有形无形之摄护，不堕邪险。
　　　(丁三)指示道途之曲直险易，无迂回迟缓，不入疑怖之林，稳速抵家。

颂  诸佛诸祖胜法流
　　现前恩师二摄护
　　示初中后道险易
　　稳速至家唯赖师

　　(丙二)所亲近之德《分十)
　　　(丁一)调伏与戒相应者。
　　　(丁二)寂静与定相应者。
　　　(丁三)惑除与慧相应伏断烦恼者。
　　　(丁四)德增戒定慧具不缺不减者。
　　　(丁五)有勇益他无畏无倦者。
　　　(丁六)经富有多闻者。
　　　(丁七)觉真了实义者。
　　　(丁八)善说不颠倒者。
　　　(丁九)悲深无希求者。
　　　(丁十)离退于一切时恭敬说者。

颂  凋伏寂静断伏惑
　　德增有勇阿含富
　　觉真善说悲愿广
　　离退十德堪依止
　　若无全具此十德
　　应具悲心与调伏

　　(丙三)能亲近之事(分二)
　　　(丁一)意乐(分三)
　　　　(戊一)信常观功德故。
　　　　(戊二)敬常念恩德故。
　　　　(戊三)无退不思不见一切过失故。
　　　(丁二)加行(分二)
　　　　(戊一)以身命财力修供养
　　　　(戊二)以如教修行供养。

颂　常思功德常念恩
　　不见不思师过失
　　内外供养法供养
　　加行意乐事师事

　(乙二)听闻正法(分九) ·
　　(丙一)不骄慢不执财色知见故。
　　(丙二)不盖障不为五盖所覆故。
　　(丙三)恭敬说法者作大师想，佛法难得闻想。
　　(丙四)不怯闻诸圣者难行难忍，不怯不弱。
　　(丙五)不贪不为称赞名闻，好奇贪多，学而不修行。
　　(丙六)及时为自他利请法应时。
　　(丙七)不求过不观说法人过失。
　　(丙八)依义善达法义，不泥文言。
　　(丙九)喻佛如医王，法如妙药，自为将死之病人。

颂  不倒不覆善持瓶
　　不怯不贪能及时
　　不求过失依于义
　　医王良药及病观
　
　(乙三)如理作意(分四)
　　(丙一)乐法、正思、称量、观察、精密摄持。
　　(丙二)十四无记，及离言境，不作邪思。
　　(丙三)未知求知，已知无忘。
　　(丙四)不了达理，仰推如来，不生疑谤。

颂  于所闻法乐正思
　　称量观察依于义
　　默说大说诸密义
　　不思议处不思议
　　未知义求正了知
　　先了知义无忘失
　　于甚深理不能达
　　仰推如来非我境

　(乙四)法随法行(分三)
　　(丙一)如所求所受之法，身语意业，无倒次第修学。
　　(丙二)于佛制止身语意业，决定不造作；误作，速为忏除。
　　(丙三)于佛令修身语意业，如教次第，精勤修学；有未能者，发惭愧心；设忘失，当补作。

颂  如所求法如所受
  　身语意业无倒转
　　于佛所止不造作
　　佛令修行勤精进

CLASSIFICATIONS & VERSES
ON THE STEPS
OF EXOTERIC & ESOTERIC WAYS

BY VENERABLE TSONG-KHA-PA
Edited by Bhiksu Neng Hai

Verse of Reverence and Worship
　　To all the Buddhas, the right Dharmas and the sageous Sanghas,
　　I take refuge forever till entering Bodhi.
　　I will transfer all my good roots cultivated,
　　To the benefits of sentient beings and the aim of Buddhahood attainment.

Steps on mending up the way (Divided into five main classes)
　First: Preliminaries of three grades of persons
　Second: Way of lower grade persons
　Third: Way of medium grade persons
　Fourth: Way of higher grade persons
　Fifth: Way of esoteric vehicle

(1)

(First.) Preliminaries of three grades of persons(2 Div. )
　(1)Faith and bliss on having leisure and conditions fulfilled.
　(2)Methods of entering the way.
(A1)Faith and bliss on having leisure and conditions fulfilled (2 div. )
  (B1)Having eight kinds of leisure (8 Div. )
　　(C1)Not of the three evil paths of life,
　　(C2)Not being blind, deaf, dumb and mute,
　　(C3)Not of worldly wisdom and heretic debate,
　　(C4)Not living at the time of termination of the right Dharma,
　　(C5)Not living at the Northern continent,
　　(C6)Not living in the Heaven Without Thinking.
　　　(C1 may be divided into three, and so it's eight. )

P.V. Hells, hungry ghosts and animals,
   Blinds, deals and dumbs, etc.
   Worldly wisdom and misleading debate,
   At the extinction of right Dharma,
   The Northern continent and Heaven Without Thinking,
   They are called eight kinds of obstacles,
   Obstructing one from listening to the Buddha's teachings.
   Without these obstacles, it's called having leisure.


  (B2)Having ten conditions fulfilled (2 Div. )
(C1)Five kinds of internal conditions:
   (D1)General features of people fulfilled. Born in human being to be a man or so.
   (D2)Locations fulfilled. Born in human being having locations of four multitudes [Bhiksu, Bhiksuni, layman and laywoman. ]
   (D3)Subjective & objective conditions fulfilled. Born in the middle kingdom, without lack of sense organs and limbs, not of ignorant nature, understanding good and evil words, capable of accepting the Dharma.
   (D4)Without karmic obstacles fulfilled. One has not in this life committed himself or instigated others to commit the five unintermitted karmas [the five unpardonable sins leading to the uninterrupted hell].
   (D5)Without faith and understanding obstacles fulfilled. One will never in this life commit the five unintermitted sins and have no faith nor interest in the evil way.

P.V. General features, places, subjective & objective conditions fulfilled,
   No unintermitted sins committed in this life,
   Without any heterodox views, believing in the law of cause and effect,
   These five aspects fulfilled is called internal perfection.

(C2)Five kinds of external conditions
   (D1)Great Lord fulfilled. The Great Teacher is met.
   (D2)Manifestation of ordinary right Dharma fulfilled. The teachings of the Great Lord are met.
   (D3)Flowing of superlative right Dharma fulfilled. The disciples of the Great Lord are met. According to the Dharma, they had proved the superior merits of fruitions and their precedings.
   (D4)Right deeds not being ended fulfilled. The ordinary right Dharma is not terminated, the superlative right Dharma is not hidden nor ended.
   (D5)The relative assets and conditions fulfilled. Conditions as clothes, foods, beddings, medicines etc.

(note

. V. =Praising verse.)

P.V. The Great Teacher, custom and superlative Dharmas,
   Teachings still prevailing in the world, proves not hidden,
   Four kinds of daily necessities are all fulfilled,
   It is called the external perfection.

(A2)Method to get into the way (4 Div. )
  (B1)To be intimated with virtuous man (3 Div. )
(C1)The merits and benefits of intimation (3 Div. )
   (D1)Attaining ambrosia of Dharma stream to nourish the intelligent body.
   (D2)Being protected visibly as well as invisibly  from the danger of perversion into heterodoxy.
   (D3)Being directed to discriminate between the ways curved or straight, dangerous or easy, without circularity and delay, not going into the forest of doubt and fear, one can arrive back at home safely and quickly.

P.V. The exquisite Dharma stream from Buddhas and successive patriarchs,
   The present graceful Guru offers the two kinds of protection,
   Showing the preliminary, middle and later ways, if dangerous or easy,
   To get home fast and firmly is dependent only on the Guru.

(C2)The virtues of the intimated Guru (10 Div. )
   (D1)Discipline. Those in accordance with commandments.
   (D2)Calm and quiet. Those in accordance with meditation.
   (D3)Delusions extinguished. Those ha accordance with intelligence to control and extirpate moral afflictions.
   (D4)Virtues increasing. Those with commandment, meditation and wisdom, all complete, without deficiency and decrement.
   (D5)With courage. Those helping others without fear and tiredness.
   (D6)Rich in Cannons. Those having learned much.
   (D7)Awakened in truth. Those realizing the true essence.
   (D8) Eloquent in preaching. Those without upside-down
logic.
   (D9)Deep in pity. Those without longing and desiring for themselves.
   (D10)Apart from regress. Those teaching in reverence all the time.

P.V. Discipline, calm-hearted, illusion controlled and extirpated,
   Virtue improving, with courage, rich in Agama, Enlightened in reality, good in speech, vast in piteous ambition,
   And apart from recoil, those having ten virtues are worthy of relying and resting upon.
   If there's no one completed with these ten virtues,
   Pity and discipline must be exercised at least.

(C3)The engagement in intimation (2 Div. )
   (D1)Willingness (3 Div. )
      (El) Faith. For always looking into the virtues.
      (E2)Respect. For always thinking of the bounties.
      (E3)Without recoil. Neither discern nor pay attention to all the so called errors.
   (D2)Procession (2 Div. )
      (El) To make offerings bodily and financially.
      (E2)To make offerings through mending one's way according to what is taught.

P.V. Recall the virtues and remember the bounties always
   Don't discern nor pay attention to the errors of the teacher
   Insisting inner and outer offerings, and offerings of the Dharma
   To attend the Guru in willingness and procession.

  (B2)To listen to the right Dharma (9 Div. )
(C1)Not to be proud. For not clinging to wealth, health, knowledge and perception.
(C2)Not to be covered and obstructed. For not being screened by the five covers.
(C3) Be in reverence. To regard the preacher as the Lord, Buddhism not easy to hear.
(C4)Not to be afraid. On hearing the hard deed and hard endurance of the Sages, neither to be weak nor to be lacking in courage.
(C5)Not to be greedy. Not to be greedy for more, in order to win praise, to seek fame, or just to find curiosity, and learning without practice.
(C6)On time. For the benefit of oneself and others, request for the Dharma on time.
(C7)Not to find fault. Not to discern the preacher's error.
(C8)To rely upon the meaning Perceiving skillfully the meaning of the Dharma, not to be tired down by words.
(C9)Parable. The Buddha is like the king of doctors, the Dharma, the Wonderful medicine and oneself, the dying patient.

P.V. As holding the bottle carefully neither upside down nor be covered on,
   Neither to be discouraged, nor to be greedy, be just on time,
   Don't find the fault, do rely on the significance,
   Regard as king of doctors, excellent medicine and the disease.

  (B3)To think rationally (4 Div. )
(C1)Interested in the Dharma, thinking correctly, weighing and measuring, observing and inspecting, taking in and holding on precisely.
(C2)On the fourteen unrecordables and the wordless state, do not think heretically.
(C3)To know the unknown, but not to forget the known.
(C4)To look up those not-understandable to the Buddha, without doubt and slander.

P.V. To the Dharma heard, be interested in thinking accordingly,
   Measuring, inspecting and relying on the meaning,
   Saying silently, and grandly, the esoteric doctrine,
   Not to conceive the unconceivable,
   Contrive to understand correctly the unknown truth,
   Bear in mind the known principle without forgetting,
   Those abstruse significance unable to grasp,
   Deem it highly to the Buddha, it's beyond my reach.

  (B4)Dharma and following the dharma by reasoning (3 div. )
(C1)Following the Dharma that is sought after and accepted as truth, the karma of body, mouth and mind should go on gradually without inversion.
(C2)Never perform any' bodily, oral and mental actions forbidden by the Buddha. If unintentionally performed, confess and wipe them out quickly.
(C3)The karma of deed; word and thought directed by the Buddha should be carried out step by step accordingly and diligently. For those beyond their ability, feel ashamed. If forgotten, mend it up.

P.V. As what is sought after and as what is received,
   The karma of body, mouth and mind should follow without inversion,
   Those forbidden by the Buddha should not be performed,
   Those encouraged by the Buddha should be done diligently.